Chapter 1 An Overview of Life
Lesson 1.1 What Themes Repeat in Biology?
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Summary: There are many unifying themes in biology. These themes unit all living things, regardless of how diverse they are. Some themes are cells and genes, biological organization, and interaction among living things and nonliving things. The smallest atoms combine to form matter and cells, which all interact to create our biosphere. The origin of life s another unifying theme - God created all living things.
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Lesson 1.2 What Makes Nature Complex?
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Summary: The natural world shows numerous examples of complexity that give evidence of the Creator. The living organisms that make up our biosphere interact with each other on many different levels. Ecologists recognize several levels that make up the biosphere's complex organization, including biomes, ecosystems, communities, and populations. In order to live successfully, plants and animals and other living organisms have unique and complex features that allow them to thrive. When changes occur to the land, living organisms interact with each other through an ecological succession that over time brings about change, and eventually homeostasis, to an environment.
Lesson 1.3 What Cycles Exist in Nature?
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Summary: Many different cycles exist in nature. The cycles are important for keeping balance in the biosphere. The carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle circulate much needed carbon and nitrogen between the environment and living things. The seasonal cycle and the water cycle affect the well-being of many organisms. The predator-prey cycle and the reproductive cycle maintain a balance between living things and their environment.
Chapter 2 How Cells Are Alike and Different?
Lesson 2.1 What are Cells?
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Summary: The cell theory was developed through the work of several scientists. It states that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic structure of organisms, and all cells come from other cells. The cell has parts that perform all the functions needed to keep it alive. The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell by way of passive transport and active transport.
Lesson 2.2 How are Cells Classified?
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Summary: The two types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes also have more organelles than prokaryotes. The relationship between surface area and volume limits the size of cells. Cells are small in order to be more efficient in the exchange of food, oxygen and wastes. Specialized cells have different structures. The structures help the cells perform their specialized functions.
Lesson 2.3 What Do Organelles Do?
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Summary: Organelles are the parts of cells that do the jobs needed to keep the cell alive. The organelles have specialized jobs and work together to perform life functions for the cell. Animal and plant cells have most of the same structures; however, animal cells do not have a cell wall and chloroplast and plant cells have larger vacuoles. Organelles are microscopic factories filled with even small machines that keep the factory functioning properly. Included in these tiny machines are amino acids, which join together to form proteins. |
Lesson 2.4 How do Cells Get Energy?
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Summary: Cells get energy through photosynthesis and cell respiration. Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. Cell respiration uses oxygen to release energy form the glucose molecules. The cells use this energy to do the jobs they are designed to do. In the process of releasing the energy from glucose, carbon dioxide and water are produced. Photosynthesis builds sugars.Organisms break down sugars during cellular respiration to meet their energy needs.
Chapter 3 How Cells Function
Lesson 3.1 What is the Structure of DNA?
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Summary: DNA is structured as a double helix in which sugar-phosphate chains form the sides of the ladder and base pairs form the rungs that connect he ladder's sides. Its structure was discovered over several decades following multiple experiments. DNA duplicates by unraveling and zipping apart. The complementary base pairs connect to the parent strand. The daughter DNA strands, which are copies of the parent strand, recoil.
Lesson 3.2 How Are Proteins Made?
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Summary: Proteins are large molecules found throughout your body that are needed to keep your body running property. There are many specialized types of proteins. Proteins are created during transcription and translation.
In transcription, DNA is used as a pattern to make an RNA strand. This RNA strand carries the genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell. During translation, ribosomes read the genetic information from the RNA, and amino acids are assembled into long chains, forming a protein. The genetic code is based on four nucleotide bases and is almost universal in nature. |
Lesson 3.3 How Do Cells Function?
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Summary: Cells regulate processes in the body through the cell cycle, which consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. The proteins created regulate cell functions. In addition, glands produce hormones that regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis. Finally, the body protects itself from foreign invaders using the cells of the immune system.
Chapter 4 How Your Body is Organized?
Lesson 4.1 What Are Tissues?
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Lesson 4.2 What Are Your Body Systems?
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Lesson 4.3 What is the Integumentary System?
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Lesson 4.4 What is the Nervous System?
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Lesson 4.5 What Are Sense Organs and Senses?
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Chapter 5 Systems Work Together in Your Body
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Lesson 5.1 What Do Bones Do?
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Lesson 5.2 What Do Muscles Do?
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Lesson 5.3 How Does the Circulation Work?
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Lesson 5.4 How Does Respiration Work?
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Chapter 6 Safety and Care of the Body
Lesson 6.1 What Do Health Professionals Do?
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Lesson 6.2 How Can We Stay Safe?
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Lesson 6.3 What Do You Do in an Emergency?
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Chapter 7 Minerals and Rocks
Lesson 7.1 What Are Minerals?
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Lesson 7.2 What Are Rocks and the Rock Cycle?
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Lesson 7.3 What Minerals and Rocks Do We Use?
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Chapter 8 Our Dynamic Earth
Lesson 8.1 What is Earth's Structure?
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Lesson 8.2 How Does the Crust Move?
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Lesson 8.3 What Causes Earthquakes and Volcanoes?
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Chapter 9 Earth's Surface Features Change
Lesson 9.1 What Are Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition?
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Lesson 9.2 How Is Soil Formed?
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Lesson 9.3 How Are Landforms Created?
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Chapter 10 How Life on Earth Has Changed
Lesson 10.1 What is the Geologic Column?
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Lesson 10.2 How Was the Geologic Column Created?
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Lesson 10.3 What Do Fossils Tell about Extinction?
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Chapter 11 Properties and Changes of Matter
Chapter 11.1 Properties and Changes of Matter?
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Lesson 11.2 What Are Physical Changes?
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Lesson 11.3 What Are Chemical Properties and Changes?
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Lesson 11.4 What Are Chemical Reactions?
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Chapter 12 The Atomic Theory
Lesson 12.1 What Are Building Blocks of Matter?
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Lesson 12.2 What is the Periodic Table of the Elements?
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Lesson 12.3 How are Compounds and Molecules Related to Elements?
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Lesson 12.4 How Do Compounds and Mixtures Differ?
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Chapter 13 Electricity
Lesson 13.1 What is Static Electricity?
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Lesson 13.2 What is Electric Current?
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Lesson 13.3 What Are Types of Batteries?
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Lesson 13.4 What Are Electric Circuits?
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Lesson 13.5 What Are Electronics?
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Chapter 14 Electricity and Magnetism Are Related
Lesson 14.1 What Are Magnets?
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Lesson 14.2 How Are Electricity and Magnetism Related?
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Lesson 14.3 What is a Generator and a Motor?
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Lesson 14.4 How is Electricity Used and Conserved?
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